网络编程

一、网络编程中有两个主要的问题:

1.如何准确地定位网络上一台或多台主机;定位主机上的特定的应用
2.找到主机后如何可靠高效地进行数据传输
二、网络编程中的两个要素:

1.对应问题一:IP和端口号
2.对应问题二:提供网络通信协议:TCP/IP参考模型(应用层、传输层、网络层、物理+数据链路层)
三、通信要素一:IP和端口号

1.IP:唯一的标识 Internet 上的计算机(通信实体)
2.在Java中使用InetAddress类代表IP
3.IP分类:IPv4 和 IPv6 ; 万维网 和 局域网
4.域名:  www.baidu.com  www.mi.com  www.sina.com  www.jd.com  www.vip.com
5.本地回路地址:127.0.0.1 对应着:localhost
6.如何实例化InetAddress:两个方法:getByName(String host) 、 getLocalHost()

  两个常用方法:getHostName() / getHostAddress()

7.端口号:正在计算机上运行的进程。

要求:不同的进程有不同的端口号
范围:被规定为一个 16 位的整数 0~65535。
8.端口号与IP地址的组合得出一个网络套接字:Socket

TCP的3个例子
通过三个例子学习客户端与服务端的交互

例子1: 客户端发送信息给服务端,服务端将数据显示在控制台上

public class TCPTest1 {

//客户端
@Test
public void client() {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream os = null;
try {
//1.创建Socket对象,指明服务器端的ip和端口号
InetAddress inet = InetAddress.getByName("192.168.14.100");
socket = new Socket(inet,8899);
//2.获取一个输出流,用于输出数据
os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3.写出数据的操作
os.write("你好,我是客户端mm".getBytes());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//4.资源的关闭
if(os != null){
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}

}
if(socket != null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}

}
}

}
//服务端
@Test
public void server() {

ServerSocket ss = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
try {
//1.创建服务器端的ServerSocket,指明自己的端口号
ss = new ServerSocket(8899);
//2.调用accept()表示接收来自于客户端的socket
socket = ss.accept();
//3.获取输入流
is = socket.getInputStream();

//不建议这样写,可能会有乱码

 


// byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];

// int len;

// while((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){

// String str = new String(buffer,0,len);

// System.out.print(str);

// }

//4.读取输入流中的数据

baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();

byte[] buffer = new byte[5];

int len;

while((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){

baos.write(buffer,0,len);

}

 

System.out.println(baos.toString());

System.out.println("收到了来自于:" + socket.getInetAddress().getHostAddress() + "的数据");

} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if(baos != null){
//5.关闭资源
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(is != null){
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(socket != null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(ss != null){
try {
ss.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}

}

}


//客户端
@Test
public void client() {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream os = null;
try {
//1.创建Socket对象,指明服务器端的ip和端口号
InetAddress inet = InetAddress.getByName("192.168.14.100");
socket = new Socket(inet,8899);
//2.获取一个输出流,用于输出数据
os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3.写出数据的操作
os.write("你好,我是客户端mm".getBytes());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//4.资源的关闭
if(os != null){
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}

}
if(socket != null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}

}
}

}
//服务端
@Test
public void server() {

ServerSocket ss = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
try {
//1.创建服务器端的ServerSocket,指明自己的端口号
ss = new ServerSocket(8899);
//2.调用accept()表示接收来自于客户端的socket
socket = ss.accept();
//3.获取输入流
is = socket.getInputStream();

//不建议这样写,可能会有乱码
System.out.println(baos.toString());

System.out.println("收到了来自于:" + socket.getInetAddress().getHostAddress() + "的数据");

} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if(baos != null){
//5.关闭资源
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(is != null){
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(socket != null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(ss != null){
try {
ss.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}

}

}
}

总结:
客户端步骤分为:

创建Socket对象,指明服务器端的ip和端口号(关键字: Socket、InetAddress、getByName)
获取一个输出流,用于输出数据(关键字: OutputStream、 socket.getOutputStream)
写出数据的操作(关键字: getBytes)
关闭资源(后用先关,先关输出流,再关socket)
服务端步骤分为:

创建服务器端的ServerSocket,指明自己的端口号(关键字: ServerSocket)
调用accept()表示接收来自于客户端的socket(关键字: accept)
获取输入流(关键字: getInputStream)
读取输入流中的数据(关键字: ByteArrayOutputStream)
关闭资源
例子2:客户端发送文件给服务端,服务端将文件保存在本地。

public class TCPTest2 {

/*
这里涉及到的异常,应该使用try-catch-finally处理
*/
@Test
public void client() throws IOException {
//1.
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9090);
//2.
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3.
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("beauty.jpg"));
//4.
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len = fis.read(buffer)) != -1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//5.
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}

/*
这里涉及到的异常,应该使用try-catch-finally处理
*/
@Test
public void server() throws IOException {
//1.
ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(9090);
//2.
Socket socket = ss.accept();
//3.
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//4.
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("beauty1.jpg"));
//5.
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//6.
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
ss.close();

}


/*
这里涉及到的异常,应该使用try-catch-finally处理
*/
@Test
public void client() throws IOException {
//1.
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9090);
//2.
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3.
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("beauty.jpg"));
//4.
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len = fis.read(buffer)) != -1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//5.
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}

/*
这里涉及到的异常,应该使用try-catch-finally处理
*/
@Test
public void server() throws IOException {
//1.
ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(9090);
//2.
Socket socket = ss.accept();
//3.
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//4.
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("beauty1.jpg"));
//5.
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//6.
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
ss.close();

}
}

分析:步骤与例子1是一样的,差别在于服务端保存文件的IO方法。

例子3:从客户端发送文件给服务端,服务端保存到本地。并返回“发送成功”给客户端。并关闭相应的连接。

public class TCPTest3 {

/*
这里涉及到的异常,应该使用try-catch-finally处理
*/
@Test
public void client() throws IOException {
//1.
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9090);
//2.
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3.
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("beauty.jpg"));
//4.
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len = fis.read(buffer)) != -1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//关闭数据的输出
socket.shutdownOutput();

//5.接收来自于服务器端的数据,并显示到控制台上
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] bufferr = new byte[20];
int len1;
while((len1 = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
baos.write(buffer,0,len1);
}

System.out.println(baos.toString());

//6.
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
baos.close();
}

/*
这里涉及到的异常,应该使用try-catch-finally处理
*/
@Test
public void server() throws IOException {
//1.
ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(9090);
//2.
Socket socket = ss.accept();
//3.
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//4.
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("beauty2.jpg"));
//5.
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}

System.out.println("图片传输完成");

//6.服务器端给予客户端反馈
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("你好,美女,照片我已收到,非常漂亮!".getBytes());

//7.
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
ss.close();
os.close();

}


/*
这里涉及到的异常,应该使用try-catch-finally处理
*/
@Test
public void client() throws IOException {
//1.
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9090);
//2.
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3.
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("beauty.jpg"));
//4.
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len = fis.read(buffer)) != -1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//关闭数据的输出
socket.shutdownOutput();

//5.接收来自于服务器端的数据,并显示到控制台上
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] bufferr = new byte[20];
int len1;
while((len1 = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
baos.write(buffer,0,len1);
}

System.out.println(baos.toString());

//6.
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
baos.close();
}

/*
这里涉及到的异常,应该使用try-catch-finally处理
*/
@Test
public void server() throws IOException {
//1.
ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(9090);
//2.
Socket socket = ss.accept();
//3.
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//4.
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("beauty2.jpg"));
//5.
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}

System.out.println("图片传输完成");

//6.服务器端给予客户端反馈
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("你好,美女,照片我已收到,非常漂亮!".getBytes());

//7.
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
ss.close();
os.close();

}
}