【SSM框架】MyBatis笔记 --- 动态sql讲义+实战;map在动态sql中的使用;列名与类中成员变量名不同的两种解决方案
讲义:
- 动态sql可以定义代码片断,可以进行逻辑判断,可以进行循环处理(批量处理),使条件判断更为简单。
一、动态sql核心标签:
1、<sql>:当多种类型的查询语句的查询字段或者查询条件相同时,可以将其定义为常量,方便调用。
2、<include>:用来引用<sql>定义的代码片断。
<!--定义代码片断--> <sql id=allColumns> id,username,birthday,sex,address </sql> <!--引用定义好的代码片断--> <select id=getAll resultType=users > select <include refid=allColumns></include> from users </select>
3、<if>:进行条件判断。
test 属性:if 执行条件(条件判断的取值可以是实体类的成员变量,可以是map的key,可以是@Param注解的名称)。
4、<where>:
特性:标签可以自动的将第一个条件前面的逻辑运算符 (or ,and) 去掉,比如 id 查询条件前面是有“and”关键字的,但是在打印出来的 SQL 中却没有。
<select id=getByCondition parameterType=users resultType=users> select <include refid=allColumns></include> from users <where> <if test=userName != null and userName != ''> and username like concat('%',#{userName},'%') </if> <if test=birthday != null> and birthday = #{birthday} </if> <if test=sex != null and sex != ''> and sex = #{sex} </if> <if test=address != null and address != ''> and address like concat('%',#{address},'%') </if> </where> </select>
5、<set>:使用见下面的栗子。切记,至少更新一列(负责抛出异常)。
需求:使用 if+set 标签进行update操作时,哪个字段中有值才去更新,如果某项为 null 则不进行更新,而是保持数据库原值。
栗子:
<update id=updateBySet parameterType=users> update users <set> <if test=userName != null and userName != ''> username = #{userName}, </if> <if test=birthday != null> birthday = #{birthday}, </if> <if test=sex != null and sex != ''> sex = #{sex}, </if> <if test=address != null and address != ''> address =#{address} , </if> </set> where id = #{id} </update>
6、<foreach>:用来进行循环遍历,完成循环条件查询,批量删除,批量增加,批量更新。
1)collection 属性:用来指定入参的类型,如果是List集合,则为list,如果是Map集合,则为map,如果是数组,则为array。
2)item 属性 :循环体中的具体对象。支持属性的点路径访问,如 item.age,item.info.details;在list和数组中是其中的对象,在map中是value。
3)index 属性 :在list和数组中,index是元素的序号,在map中,index是元素的key,该参数可不写。
4)separator 属性:多个值或对象或语句之间的分隔符。
5)open 属性 :表示该语句以什么开始。
6)close 属性 :表示该语句以什么结束。
注意:要使用批量更新,必须在jdbc.properties属性文件中的url中添加&allowMultiQueries=true,才允许多行操作。
二、通过指定下标来进行传参:
可以不使用对象的属性名进行参数值绑定,使用下标值。 mybatis-3.3 版本和之前的版本使用#{0},#{1}方式, 从 mybatis3.4 开始使用#{arg0},#{arg1}的方式。
三、map在动态sql中的使用:
- 如果入参超过一个以上,使用map封装查询条件,更有语义,查询条件更明确。
1、入参是map:
因为当传递的数据有多个,不适合使用指定下标或指定名称的方式来进行传参,又加上参数不一定与对象的成员变量一致,考虑使用map集合来进行传递,map使用的是键值对的方式.当在sql语句中使用的时候#{键名},${键名},{ }的是键的名称。
2、返回值是map:
返回值是map的适用场景,如果的数据不能使用对象来进行封装,可能查询的数据来自多张表中的某些列,这种情况下,使用map,但是map的返回方式破坏了对象的封装,返回来的数据是一个一个单独的数据, 彼此之间不相关,map使用表中的列名或别名作为键名(key)进行返回数据。
四、列名与类中成员变量名称不一致:
解决方案一:
使用列的别名,别名与类中的成员变量名一样,即可完成注入。
解决方案二:
使用<resultMap>标签进行映射。
property 属性:为成员变量名
column 属性:为列的别名
一堆栗子:
一、module 目录结构:
二、pom.xml:
<?xml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8?> <project xmlns=http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 xmlns:xsi=http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance xsi:schemaLocation=http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>org.burning</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis_003_dynamicsql</artifactId> <version>1.0</version> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.11</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!--添加mybatis依赖--> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId> <version>3.5.9</version> </dependency> <!--添加mysql依赖--> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>8.0.27</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId> <version>3.5.9</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId> <version>3.5.9</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId> <version>3.5.9</version> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <!--指定资源文件位置--> <resources> <resource> <directory>src/main/java</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.xml</include> <include>**/*.properties</include> </includes> </resource> <resource> <directory>src/main/resources</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.xml</include> <include>**/*.properties</include> </includes> </resource> </resources> </build> </project>
三、jdbc.properties:
jdbc.driverClassName=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssm?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8 jdbc.username=root jdbc.password=888
四、SqlMapConfig.xml:
<?xml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8 ?> <!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC -//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd> <configuration> <!--读取jdbc.properties属性--> <properties resource=jdbc.properties></properties> <!--设置日志输出--> <settings> <setting name=logImpl value=STDOUT_LOGGING/> </settings> <!--注册实体类别名--> <typeAliases> <package name=org.burning.entity/> </typeAliases> <!--配置环境变量--> <environments default=development> <environment id=development> <transactionManager type=JDBC></transactionManager> <dataSource type=POOLED> <property name=driver value=${jdbc.driverClassName}/> <property name=url value=${jdbc.url}/> <property name=username value=${jdbc.username}/> <property name=password value=${jdbc.password}/> </dataSource> </environment> </environments> <!--注册mapper.xml文件--> <mappers> <!--优化mapper.xml文件注册--> <!--绝对路径注册--> <!--<mapper url=/////></mapper>--> <!--非动态代理方式下的注册--> <!--<mapper resource=StudentMapper.xml></mapper>--> <!--单个注册--> <!--<mapper class=org.burning.mapper.UsersMapper></mapper>--> <!--批量注册--> <package name=org.burning.mapper/> </mappers> </configuration>
五、建表语句:
CREATE TABLE `student` ( `id` int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `name` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL, `email` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL, `age` int DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=24 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb3 COLLATE=utf8_bin CREATE TABLE `books` ( `book_id` int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `book_name` varchar(45) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`book_id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=4 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb3 COLLATE=utf8_bin
六、User.java:
package org.burning.entity; import java.util.Date; public class User { private Integer id; private String userName; private Date birthday; private String sex; private String address; public User() { } public User(Integer id, String userName, Date birthday, String sex, String address) { this.id = id; this.userName = userName; this.birthday = birthday; this.sex = sex; this.address = address; } public User(String userName, Date birthday, String sex, String address) { this.userName = userName; this.birthday = birthday; this.sex = sex; this.address = address; } public Integer getId() { return id; } public void setId(Integer id) { this.id = id; } public String getUserName() { return userName; } public void setUserName(String userName) { this.userName = userName; } public Date getBirthday() { return birthday; } public void setBirthday(Date birthday) { this.birthday = birthday; } public String getSex() { return sex; } public void setSex(String sex) { this.sex = sex; } public String getAddress() { return address; } public void setAddress(String address) { this.address = address; } @Override public String toString() { return User{ + id= + id + , userName=' + userName + '\'' + , birthday= + birthday + , sex=' + sex + '\'' + , address=' + address + '\'' + '}'; } }
七、Book.java:
package org.burning.entity; public class Book { private Integer id; private String name; public Book() { } public Book(Integer id, String name) { this.id = id; this.name = name; } public Integer getId() { return id; } public void setId(Integer id) { this.id = id; } @Override public String toString() { return Book{ + id= + id + , name=' + name + '\'' + '}'; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } }
八、UsersMapper.java:
package org.burning.mapper; import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param; import org.burning.entity.User; import java.util.Date; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; /** * 数据访问层的接口,规定的数据库中可进行的各种操作 */ public interface UsersMapper { //查询用户全部信息 List<User> getAll(); //按指定的条件进行多条件查询 List<User> selectByCondition(User user); //有选择的更新 int updateBySet(User user); //查询多个指定id的用户信息 List<User> selectByIds(Integer[] arr); //批量删除 int deleteBatch(Integer[] arr); //批量增加 int insertBatch(List<User> users); //查询生日在两个日期间的所有学生信息 List<User> selectByTwoBirthday(Date begin,Date end); //入参是map List<User> selectByMap(Map map); //返回值是一行的map Map returnMap(Integer id); //返回多行的map List<Map> returnMaps(); }
九、UsersMapper.xml:
<?xml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8 ?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC -//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd> <mapper namespace=org.burning.mapper.UsersMapper> <!--定义代码片段--> <sql id=allcolumns> id,username,birthday,sex,address </sql> <!--查询users中所有的学生信息--> <select id=getAll resultType=user> select <include refid=allcolumns></include> from users </select> <!--动态sql实现: 根据多个字段进行查询操作(可以通过判断user对象的实例变量是否“有意义”而进行sql的拼接) 【无意义值指的是:比如userName是字符串类型,而它为null或者为空字符串,那它就是无意义的】 --> <select id=selectByCondition parameterType=User resultType=User> select <include refid=allcolumns></include> from users <where> <if test=userName != null and userName != ''> and username like concat('%',#{userName},'%') </if> <if test=birthday != null> and birthday = #{birthday} </if> <if test=sex != null and sex != ''> and sex = #{sex} </if> <if test=address != null and address != ''> and address like concat('%',#{address},'%') </if> </where> </select> <!--通过动态sql实现: 根据入参user对象的实例变量是否有“意义”,而进行相应的更新处理 --> <update id=updateBySet parameterType=user> update users <set> <if test=userName != null and userName != ''> userName = #{userName}, </if> <if test=birthday != null> birthday = #{birthday}, </if> <if test=sex != null and sex != ''> sex = #{sex}, </if> <if test=address != null and address != ''> address = #{address}, </if> </set> where id=#{id} </update> <!--通过动态sql实现:(当入参是一个以上的时候,不需要写parameterType) 根据入参的id数组,来进行相应id多条信息查询 --> <select id=selectByIds resultType=user> select <include refid=allcolumns></include> from users where id in <foreach collection=array item=id separator=, open=( close=)> #{id} </foreach> </select> <!--通过动态sql实现: 批量删除 --> <delete id=deleteBatch> delete from users where id in <foreach collection=array item=id separator=, open=( close=)> #{id} </foreach> </delete> <!--通过动态sql实现: 批量增加 --> <insert id=insertBatch> insert into users (username,birthday,sex,address) values <foreach collection=list item=u separator=,> (#{u.userName},#{u.birthday},#{u.sex},#{u.address}) </foreach> </insert> <!--通过指定参数位置,来获取入参值的栗子: --> <select id=selectByTwoBirthday resultType=user> select <include refid=allcolumns></include> from users where birthday between #{arg0} and #{arg1} </select> <!--通过入参为Map类型,来进行多个数据的传递 --> <select id=selectByMap resultType=user> select <include refid=allcolumns></include> from users where birthday between #{birthdayBegin} and #{birthdayEnd} </select> <!--将查出来的数据封进Map里,字段名(可以使用别名)就是key,列值就是value --> <select id=returnMap parameterType=int resultType=map> select id,username as name,address from users where id=#{id} </select> <!--将查出来的数据,封进Map里,同为一行的数据为一个Map 最后返回一个装着很多Map的List集合 --> <select id=returnMaps resultType=map> select username as name,address from users </select> </mapper>
十、UserTest.java:
package org.burning; import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder; import org.burning.entity.Book; import org.burning.entity.User; import org.burning.mapper.UsersMapper; import org.junit.After; import org.junit.Before; import org.junit.Test; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.text.ParseException; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.*; public class UsersTest { SqlSession sqlSession; //动态代理对象 UsersMapper usersMapper; //日期的格式化刷子 SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(yyyy-MM-dd); @Before public void openSqlSession() throws IOException { //读取核心配置文件 InputStream in = Resources.getResourceAsStream(SqlMapConfig.xml); //创建工厂对象 SqlSessionFactory factory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(in); //取出sqlSession sqlSession = factory.openSession(); //取出动态代理对象,完成接口方法的调用,实则是调用xml文件中相应的标签的功能 usersMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UsersMapper.class); } @After public void closeSqlsession() { sqlSession.close(); } @Test public void testGetAll() { List<User> users = usersMapper.getAll(); users.forEach(user -> System.out.println(user)); } @Test public void testSelectByCondition() throws ParseException { User u = new User(); u.setSex(1); u.setUserName(小); u.setAddress(河); u.setBirthday(sdf.parse(1999-02-22)); List<User> users = usersMapper.selectByCondition(u); users.forEach(user -> System.out.println(user)); } @Test public void testUpdateBySet() throws ParseException { User u = new User(); u.setId(3); u.setUserName(小明的新名字); u.setBirthday(sdf.parse(1999-02-22)); int num = usersMapper.updateBySet(u); System.out.println(num); sqlSession.commit(); } @Test public void testSelectByIds() { Integer[] array = {1,4,5}; List<User> users = usersMapper.selectByIds(array); users.forEach(user -> System.out.println(user)); } @Test public void testDeleteBatch() { Integer[] array = {11,12,13}; int num = usersMapper.deleteBatch(array); System.out.println(num); sqlSession.commit(); } @Test public void testBatch() throws ParseException { User user1 = new User(王1,sdf.parse(2020-01-01),2,大锤岛分岛A); User user2 = new User(王2,sdf.parse(2020-01-02),2,大锤岛分岛B); User user3 = new User(王3,sdf.parse(2020-01-03),2,大锤岛分岛C); List<User> users = new ArrayList<>(); users.add(user1); users.add(user2); users.add(user3); int num = usersMapper.insertBatch(users); System.out.println(num); sqlSession.commit(); } @Test public void testSelectByTwoBirthday() throws ParseException { List<User> users = usersMapper.selectByTwoBirthday( sdf.parse(1900-12-12), sdf.parse(3000-01-01) ); users.forEach(user -> System.out.println(user)); } @Test public void testSelectByMap() throws ParseException { Map userMap = new HashMap(); Date begin = sdf.parse(1900-12-12); Date end = sdf.parse(3000-01-01); userMap.put(birthdayBegin,begin); userMap.put(birthdayEnd,end); List<User> users = usersMapper.selectByMap(userMap); users.forEach(user -> System.out.println(user)); } @Test public void testReturnMap() { Map map = usersMapper.returnMap(1); System.out.println(map); } @Test public void testReturnMaps() { List<Map> mapList = usersMapper.returnMaps(); mapList.forEach(map -> System.out.println(map)); } }
十一、BooksMapper.java:
package org.burning.mapper; import org.burning.entity.Book; import java.util.List; public interface BooksMapper { //查询全部图书(别名) List<Book> selectBooks(); //查询全部图书(resultMap) List<Book> selectBooksPro(); }
十二、BooksMapper.xml:
<?xml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8 ?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC -//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd> <mapper namespace=org.burning.mapper.BooksMapper> <!--使用resultMap手工完成映射--> <resultMap id=bookMap type=book> <!--主键绑定--> <id property=id column=book_id></id> <!--非主键绑定--> <result property=name column=book_name></result> </resultMap> <!--通过起别名的方案解决字段名和成员变量名不一致的问题--> <select id=selectBooks resultType=book> select book_id id,book_name name from books </select> <!--通过resultMap方案解决字段名和成员变量名不一致的问题--> <select id=selectBooksPro resultMap=bookMap> select book_id,book_name from books </select> </mapper>
十三、BookTest.java:
package org.burning; import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder; import org.burning.entity.Book; import org.burning.mapper.BooksMapper; import org.burning.mapper.UsersMapper; import org.junit.After; import org.junit.Before; import org.junit.Test; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.security.spec.PSSParameterSpec; import java.sql.PreparedStatement; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; public class BooksTest { SqlSession sqlSession; //动态代理对象 BooksMapper booksMapper; //日期的格式化刷子 SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(yyyy-MM-dd); @Before public void openSqlSession() throws IOException { //读取核心配置文件 InputStream in = Resources.getResourceAsStream(SqlMapConfig.xml); //创建工厂对象 SqlSessionFactory factory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(in); //取出sqlSession sqlSession = factory.openSession(); //取出动态代理对象,完成接口方法的调用,实则是调用xml文件中相应的标签的功能 booksMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(BooksMapper.class); } @After public void closeSqlsession() { sqlSession.close(); } @Test public void testSelectBooks(){ List<Book> bookList = booksMapper.selectBooks(); bookList.forEach(book -> System.out.println(book)); } @Test public void testSelectBooksPro(){ List<Book> bookList = booksMapper.selectBooksPro(); bookList.forEach(book -> System.out.println(book)); } }